Assessment of a students personal learning style

Assessment of a students personal learning style Any educational course is always commenced with some expectations and hopes to achieve some specific goals. These expectations and hopes are always contingent to some estimation as well as some strategic plans to achieve the set goals. In this essay I will endeavour to write a personal reflection on what I have learned upon completing the course .This will include some assessment of my personal learning style and strengths and weaknesses, an estimated work plan for my completion of the degree, and the strategy I will intend to adopt for future essay writing. This will be a useful document to help me through the course as well as an important part of my assessment. These expectations with reference to their strategic planning for the accomplishment of the course are as follows: My expectations before the commencement of the B.Th. course at SLCC. A new learning experience in London (SLCC). Exploration of learning potentials and weakness. Evaluation of my strengths and weakness to improve the mistakes and shortcomings. The Assessment to judge my achievement and future planning to complete my degree at a specific determined time. MY EXPECTATIONS AND THE NEW LEARNING EXPERIENCE: It was expected by me that I would be supposed to go through the written examinations as is instructed in my home country, Pakistan. I was unaware of the enhanced research study at UK because I never researched before even at my Master degree level studies rather went through a specific syllabus and examination system. I also thought to be prepared for the examination by cramming the things in contrast to be creative minded person as I am now. Learning through visual aids like movies that are being shown by Mercia time to time and use of PowerPoint in the seminars are very innovative and a new things to learn for me. These things left a permanent impression on my memory as is also said that show and tell is a good way of teaching and one learns a lot through hearing and seeing. Seminars that are held on some occasions are also a good source of education as they just bring a slight change in ones regular monotonous routine of learning work. Apart from this change, they also provide a chance to learn a very comprehensive and lengthy topic within a short period of time. These seminars are also a unique experience for me as they informed me about the things happening on an international level for instance persecution of the Christian throughout the world came to my knowledge at SLCC in contrast to my previous knowledge of persecution that was only limited to the Bible. Discussion on some topic is a best way of learning as compared to learning alone because in a group discussion different opinions and ideas are shared that bring out the best possible answer of the faced issue. In addition, question answer method of study at SLCC also brought confidence in me to further explore and polish my hidden talents. I never had any idea to cope with an atmosphere where essays are written by using libraries and internet because I was not good at internet and never used any library before coming to SLCC. Therefore, usage and utilization of library and the Internet created in me a sense of curiosity for more and more as well as correct knowledge. EXPLORATION OF MY POTENTIALS AND WEAKNESSES:- I was accustomed to read books as opposed to e-learning or learning by internet as far as my study is concerned. A poor knowledge of computer and internet kept me away from using an internet but it is now hoped that I will be used to it very soon in my next two years. The Subject of theology was limited to biblical doctrines only but an interaction with a multicultural environment at SLCC gave me a good opportunity to learn theology at a broad canvas; for some African countries laid more emphasis on stereology contrary to the Christology. If I had not been here I would have not known that I could write and speak English correctly, in fact I developed my English writing skills here. A well-organized and well-scheduled study system revealed as well as enhanced my strengths as a student as I will be adapted to this system to read as many books as possibly I can. Especially, the course of research and study skills has been proved the best source to create convenience for study as well as essay writing. This course guided me to improve my study skills to a great extent. It is said that travelling is a part of ones education. Local tour of London and international tours especially of Israel is a long lasting educational experience for me as a student of theology to learn the Christian geographical boundaries. Previously I was not well-disciplined and always waited for last moments to prepare and complete my study tasks but now I am disciplined enough to meet even the tight deadlines whether they are inside or outside of my study spheres. THE ASSESSMENT AND FUTURE PLANNING:- Generally, an annual and particularly a weekly assessment of my achievements is required in order to be accountable to myself to see whether I achieve my set targets or not. This assessment includes my educational as well monetary obligations to the degree. I am being benefited by a well-read faculty of SLCC to be imparted with correct Biblical and theological knowledge to be enabled to write my assignments. I am intended to avail all the available sources such as books, the Internet, movies and journals to present a good academic and scholarly work to get appreciable results in future. I am supposed to complete a minimum one essay in a week in order to complete my degree on time. Therefore, keeping in mind this tight and tough routine of essay writing I am determined to be regular and punctual in attendance to clarify my concepts about theology so that I will be able to reproduce my essays easily. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that completion of first year of B.Th. at SLCC as was expected and desired by me, had been a wonderful academic and spiritual experience for me as it highlighted hidden qualities and talents in me. Therefore I could explore my talents to improve my academic career. Evaluations of my weakness and strengths as a student further stimulated me to improve my shortcomings of poor knowledge of research and computer utilization and use my previous good knowledge and skills of English for the attainment of my targets. The successful completion of first year has infused in me a marvelous spirit to make a strategic plan of my regular assessment and accountability on weekly, monthly, mid-termly, mid-annually and annually basis for the further achievement of my aims as far as my next two years are concerned. Briefly, the study at a degree level is a well-planned and career-shaping study. A Study at a degree level is not merely degree-oriented rather it is a well-researched and knowledge-oriented study which actually develops a ones character as well shapes ones destination.

Critical Discourse Analysis On Imagine English Language Essay

Critical Discourse Analysis On Imagine English Language Essay A song is a relatively short musical composition for the human voice (possibly accompanied by other musical instruments), which features words (lyrics). However, when we are talking about a song, we can not ignore the singer who is going to sing the song and make it popular. Then, when it comes to the singer, we may remember a name called, John Lennon. Almost all people around the world know who John Lennon is and also his band, The Beatles. He already became a pop legend in music history. He had written some hits that are sung again and again until now. Several of his songs were about peace and war. Imagine, which was released in 1971  [2]  , is also one of his popular hits with that topic. With a social theme and a strong message, this song has touched many people. Therefore, it means the words that were chosen for this song are effective and perfectly delivered the message, so it can touch the listeners emotion. The purpose of this essay is to do a critical discourse analysis on Imagine by John Lennon using several theories. The first theory that is used in this essay is critical linguistics by Roger Fowler, Robert Hodge, Gunther Kress, and Tony Trew. Critical linguistics sees language as a social practice and through which a group can empower and spread its ideology (Eriyanto, 2005)  [3]  . This theory analyzes language through two elements, which are vocabularies and grammar. This theory believes that a discourse can convey its ideology based on the choices of vocabularies and also the use of the grammar. Choices of vocabularies can cause few effects in a discourse such as make a classification, limited view, battle of discourse, and marginalization. On the other hands, there are several models in the grammar. Therefore, a discourse would never be neutral because the writer chooses every single word to form the meaning that he/she wants to tell. A discourse always conveys a certain ide a or ideology to the audience. Next, the second theory is the theory that was introduced by Sara Mills. She used to see a discourse from the feminist perspective, how a woman is being portrait in a discourse. Although, she was known more for her womans representation in a discourse, her theory approach can be applied in other fields. If critical linguistics tends to analyze a discourse from the language aspects and how it influenced the audience, Sara Mills sees the position of the actors who perform in a discourse. At first, she compares the position between the subject and the object. Then, she also sees the position of the writer and the reader. Although with its simplicity and clarity  [4]  , Imagine is rich of meaning because anybody can have different interpretation of it. The message of this song is that lets create a world which is peace and no war. This message is repeated again and again in the last part of this stanza. In the first stanza, it is said imagine all the people, living for today, in the second stanza imagine all the people, living life in peace, while in the third stanza, it is said imagine all the people, sharing all the world. The message even becomes stronger with the chorus part, where it is stated the world will be as one. Those clauses form a message to the audience which is to make a better world. Furthermore, the repetition of the message, although in different words, but still have the same meaning, makes the audience get this message easier and then remember it better. The word Imagine itself, besides being used for the title, it also repeated several times in the song.Imagine as a verb means form a picture of in the mind; think of something as probable (Hornby, Cowie, A.C, 1974). Therefore, imagine happens before the reality. Imagine itself has several synonyms. Then, why the writer chooses imagine in the end. Meaning Imagine : to have a picture or idea of something in your mind. 1. Imagine To think about something and form a picture or idea in your mind about it. 2. Visualize / Visualise To form a very clear picture of something or someone in your mind, especially in order to help you prepare to do something or help you to remember something clearly. 3. Picture To have a clear picture of something or someone in your mind, especially because you are trying to imagine what it is like to do something or what someone looks like. Imagine : to imagine something you want to do or want to happen 1. Fantasize / Fantasise To think about something that you would like to do or that you would like to happen, especially when it is very unlikely that you will do it or that it will happen. 2. Daydream To spend a short time imagining something pleasant, so that you forget where you are and what you are doing, especially when you are bored. 3. Dream To imagine something pleasant that you would like to or to happen, especially if it is possible that it might happen. Table 1 : Words related to imagine according to Longman Language Activator, 2006 Every synonyms of the word imagine have the same meaning which is to think about something and form picture in someones mind. Then, why imagine is chosen? Because each words carries certain meaning, sense and also describes different condition, although they all have similar meaning. Visualize and picture describe about thinking something that is already clear. However, we can not feel any clarity sense from the imagine word. As a result, the word imagine is appropriate with the context because the condition, which was peace, that the writer wanted was not clear yet and even until we hear it now, this situation remains not clear. Although it sounds simple and easy to say, peace is something complicated and it depends on who is saying it. Peace is an abstract condition, we cannot really define this condition with words and every body would have different perseption about this. Furthermore, fantasize and daydream are also not appropriate for the song context. Both fantasize and daydream are thinking about something which is out of reach and not likely to happen, or in other words, the possibility to that event to happen

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome :: essays research papers

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). What is it? What causes it and why? Can I get it? How can I prevent myself from getting it? All of these questions can be answered. The main problem besides having AIDS, is not being educated enough to know how and why people are dying all over the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aids is caused by a virus called the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. A virus is one of the smallest â€Å"germs† that cause diseases. If you have unprotected sex or share needles or syringes with an infected person, you may become infected with HIV. Specific blood tests can show evidence or HIV infection. You can be infected with HIV and have no symptoms at all. You might feel perfectly healthy, but if you are infected, you can pass the virus to anyone you may have unprotected sex or share needles or syringes with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AIDS and HIV are two different viruses, but HIV well eventually turn into AIDS. About half the people with HIV develop AIDS within 10 years, but between infection with HIV, the onset for AIDS can vary greatly. The severity of the HIV related illness or illnesses will differ from person to person, according many factors but mostly to the overall health of the individual. The new advances in technology are helping postpone the advancement of the disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lets start at the beginning. First, lets learn what AIDS is. AIDS is an acquired defect in your immune system. The passing of any bodily fluids could technically be used as a passage way for the virus. Once infected with HIV it will begin to attack your CD4+cells, commonly known as your t-cells or t-helpers and they will begin to drop in numbers. You measure the damage to your immune system by HIV and your ability to fight infection. This virus then spreads and damages your t-cells where you are left vulnerable for attack from any other diseases. A weakened immune system is very vulnerable to colds and flues. A common cold or flu that would only make me sick could be fatal to someone with a low immune system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first cases of AIDS were reported and recorded in 1981, by the end of 1992 more than 250,000 Americans have developed AIDS and more than 170,000 had died from it. The majority of the first case of victims that died were gay men, but now is just as prominent in heterosexual men and women.

Waters Representation of Freedom in Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the Mississippi River serves as a prominent setting. Huck, a rapscallion who runs away from his dad by faking his death, and Jim, a runaway slave who previously knew Huck, meet up on Jackson’s Island via the river. To Jim, the river is a symbol of freedom and a way to learn. To Huck, the river is a symbol of his life and everything he wants. The open waters bring about bonding, fun times, and a safe house for both characters. Amidst the water brings a deeper meaning of the river than just water, it is a great entity that shows freedom. Jim, the runaway slave, uses this river to escape from Miss Watson, his owner, because she planned on selling him for $800. The river flows to the free states, and this is where Jim plans on going with or without Huck. As he is with Huck more and more, Jim learns emotions, like love and compassion, on the river. Jim’s newly shown emotions come into play when the narrator states, â€Å"It was Jim’s voice – nothing ever sounded so good before. I run along the bank a piece and got aboard, and Jim he grabbed me and hugged me, he was so glad to see me† (Twain 112). Love and compassion is shown here by Jim, to Huck. Only freedom has given this runaway slave a way to learn and live like a human being should. Huck, the rapscallion who fakes his death, also has a deep relationship with the river. He relates the river to his life more or less. Since he is a free man, freedom wouldn’t be the right word, more blithe you could say. â€Å"It was kind of lazy and jolly, laying off comfortable all day, smoking and fishing, and no books nor study† (24). Huck’s nature of a care-free person is shown here. He does not like to be cramped up or reformed to anybody he is not. â€Å"[I] said there warn’t no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft† (113). Huck likes to be free and easy like the flowing river. It is undeniable that a slow-flowing river and Huck’s life are inter-related. To both of the characters, who meet up via this entity of water, the river symbolizes a place to bond and safety. Water's Representation of Freedom in Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the Mississippi River serves as a prominent setting. Huck, a rapscallion who runs away from his dad by faking his death, and Jim, a runaway slave who previously knew Huck, meet up on Jackson’s Island via the river. To Jim, the river is a symbol of freedom and a way to learn. To Huck, the river is a symbol of his life and everything he wants. The open waters bring about bonding, fun times, and a safe house for both characters. Amidst the water brings a deeper meaning of the river than just water, it is a great entity that shows freedom. Jim, the runaway slave, uses this river to escape from Miss Watson, his owner, because she planned on selling him for $800. The river flows to the free states, and this is where Jim plans on going with or without Huck. As he is with Huck more and more, Jim learns emotions, like love and compassion, on the river. Jim’s newly shown emotions come into play when the narrator states, â€Å"It was Jim’s voice – nothing ever sounded so good before. I run along the bank a piece and got aboard, and Jim he grabbed me and hugged me, he was so glad to see me† (Twain 112). Love and compassion is shown here by Jim, to Huck. Only freedom has given this runaway slave a way to learn and live like a human being should. Huck, the rapscallion who fakes his death, also has a deep relationship with the river. He relates the river to his life more or less. Since he is a free man, freedom wouldn’t be the right word, more blithe you could say. â€Å"It was kind of lazy and jolly, laying off comfortable all day, smoking and fishing, and no books nor study† (24). Huck’s nature of a care-free person is shown here. He does not like to be cramped up or reformed to anybody he is not. â€Å"[I] said there warn’t no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft† (113). Huck likes to be free and easy like the flowing river. It is undeniable that a slow-flowing river and Huck’s life are inter-related. To both of the characters, who meet up via this entity of water, the river symbolizes a place to bond and safety. Water's Representation of Freedom in Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the Mississippi River serves as a prominent setting. Huck, a rapscallion who runs away from his dad by faking his death, and Jim, a runaway slave who previously knew Huck, meet up on Jackson’s Island via the river. To Jim, the river is a symbol of freedom and a way to learn. To Huck, the river is a symbol of his life and everything he wants. The open waters bring about bonding, fun times, and a safe house for both characters. Amidst the water brings a deeper meaning of the river than just water, it is a great entity that shows freedom. Jim, the runaway slave, uses this river to escape from Miss Watson, his owner, because she planned on selling him for $800. The river flows to the free states, and this is where Jim plans on going with or without Huck. As he is with Huck more and more, Jim learns emotions, like love and compassion, on the river. Jim’s newly shown emotions come into play when the narrator states, â€Å"It was Jim’s voice – nothing ever sounded so good before. I run along the bank a piece and got aboard, and Jim he grabbed me and hugged me, he was so glad to see me† (Twain 112). Love and compassion is shown here by Jim, to Huck. Only freedom has given this runaway slave a way to learn and live like a human being should. Huck, the rapscallion who fakes his death, also has a deep relationship with the river. He relates the river to his life more or less. Since he is a free man, freedom wouldn’t be the right word, more blithe you could say. â€Å"It was kind of lazy and jolly, laying off comfortable all day, smoking and fishing, and no books nor study† (24). Huck’s nature of a care-free person is shown here. He does not like to be cramped up or reformed to anybody he is not. â€Å"[I] said there warn’t no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don’t. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft† (113). Huck likes to be free and easy like the flowing river. It is undeniable that a slow-flowing river and Huck’s life are inter-related. To both of the characters, who meet up via this entity of water, the river symbolizes a place to bond and safety.

Cinematic Technique in the Film Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

'Wuthering Heights' was originally written by Emily Bronte. She lived on the moors and she enjoyed wandering through the moors, which is where she got her inspiration to write the story 'Wuthering Heights'. In 1992, Peter Kosminksy directed the film version of 'Wuthering Heights,' he used camera angles/shots, sound, composition, lighting and character gesture/facial expressions to make the opening as effective as possible. To begin with, Emily Bronte is walking through the moors heading to a castle. When she enters the castle it shows her opinion and imagination of what might have happened there. It begins with Lockwood who lives nearby Wuthering Heights and gets caught up in a raging storm so he enters the suspicious castle away from the raging storm, which is building up very quickly behind him. He is soon told to leave by the occupants, although he stubbornly refuses and after he is offered a room by the woman, he is shocked by someone just outside his window. When Emily Bronte strolls across the vast moor land, a long shot is used to introduce the scene. It shows the loneliness, coldness and the isolation of the moor land. Dark, ominous clouds fill the sky, emphasising the mystery and suspense. The dullness of the moor land implies not that not much lives close by and it is quite a creepy place to be. In the beginning, the music is quite deep. When the castle comes into shot, the violins are added in this creates the impression that the atmosphere is eerie and bleak. However, they also suggest that Emily Bronte and where she is, is of some importance. When she makes her way across the dreary moor land, she is wearing a black hooded cloak so her face is not visible and it is hidden away, this increases the effectiveness by building up the tension. On her way through the moor, she passes two large rocks which tower over Emily Bronte, and elicit the idea she is vulnerable and insignificant. It shortly changes to a medium shot at eye level to show her facial expression of determination, this suggests that she knows where she is going and she may have been there before. It also creates the impression that she is slowly being revealed to the audience, and that they are equal to the character because they are on the same level. Natural shadows cover some of her face This low key lighting is effective because she is covered still partly, so it is suspicious.

Oedipus the King Essay

In Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, the themes of fate and free will are very strong throughout the play. Only one, however, brought about Oedipus’ downfall and death. Both points could be argued to great effect. In ancient Greece, fate was considered to be a rudimentary part of daily life. Every aspect of life depended and was based upon fate (Nagle 100). It is common belief to assume that mankind does indeed have free will and each individual can decide the outcome of his or her life. Fate and free will both decide the fate of Oedipus the King. Both sides of the argument can be greatly supported. The Greeks believed in the idea that personality of the individual greatly affected his or her life (Nagle 120). Their personality was what decides their own free will. A wise man will make good decisions in his life; an ignorant and stubborn man won’t be so fortunate. The character traits of a person have a certain positive or negative affect on the choices that he or she makes. For Oedipus, one of these attributes was the desire for knowledge and truth about his own existence. This driving force in the play led to the truth of his origin. This ties in with his own aspect of free will. His free will is based on his drive for knowledge. Throughout the entire play, Oedipus pushes Tiresias, Creon, Jocasta, the oracle, the messenger, and the shepherd for information regarding his beginnings. Each one of these characters in some way or form refused to give him a thorough answer. As he draws closer to the answer, another character tries to stop his journey. Oedipus continues moving onward even though others request he didn’t. â€Å"Oh no, listen to me, I beg you, don’t do this†¦. Listen to you? No more. I must know it all, see the truth at last † (Sophocles 195). His desire for truth kept pushing him to continue his search, ultimately leading to his downfall. The entire time Oedipus had the capability to discontinue the plight. However he made the independent decision to continue. Another instance where choices directly linked Oedipus to the prophecy was at the crossroads. Oedipus demonstrates an important trait in his character, stubbornness. This trait is visible when Oedipus reacted to the man pushing him aside at the crossroads. â€Å"the one shouldering me aside, the driver, I strike him in anger! †¦. I killed them all–every mother’s son! † (Sophocles 189). In ancient times when a caravan was coming down the road they usually pushed you to the side. Oedipus didn’t like this and flipped out, killing all of them. It was his stubbornness that caused this to happen. His personality led to the decision to kill the caravan and unknowingly, his father too. If he were a wise and content man, then his decision would have differed. When Oedipus defeated the Sphinx by solving the riddle, he could have refused to take the missing king’s throne. He could have also declined to marry the former king’s wife, unaware that the queen was his own mother. He accepted both of these without any regrets. If his decision was different it might have altered the course of events in the future. His personality made sure that the decisions went the way they did. These choices were made by Oedipus with his own free will, his own decisions. He didn’t have to accept these gifts, but did none the less. These conclusions would lead to his own demise, but they were his own mistakes, not fate. Free will can also be found in the actions of Jocasta and Laius. The choices they made were not made by their own judgement, but rather reactions to a situation that neither of them was prepared to deal with. Upon hearing the prophecy that foretold the future sins in their household; they made a harsh decision out of fear. They had little Oedipus sent to die at the foothills of a mountain. This reaction seems very cruel, but back in ancient times it was very natural. Being that an oracle foretold the prophecy, Jocasta and Laius responded as any Greek parents would. They solved the problem by removing Oedipus from the equation, but in the end their decision wasn’t the right one. This leaves the readers of the play to wonder what might have happened if Jocasta and Lauis never sent Oedipus to die as an infant. Would the prophecy still have taken place? It seems that it wouldn’t have, because Oedipus wouldn’t have engaged in the misled wandering after he left his adopted home. Oedipus would have had no reason to fulfill the prophecy, but that is another question that we don’t know. On the other hand, if Oedipus didn’t listen to the prophecy suggested to him in Corinth, he never would have returned to Thebes to carry out his destiny. All these instances can be looked at that free will was the deciding factor. Was it really? Fate can also be looked upon in every instance, equally a strong argument against free will. Oedipus’ desire for knowledge can also be looked at by the standpoint of fate. He was born with his own stubbornness. The Gods themselves made him that way and it can not be changed. No matter what his decisions were, their gift to him will lead to the path they gave him. He can’t escape the fate the Gods have given him. He kept pushing farther and father, but it just led to his downfall. Nothing he could have done would have stopped that. The prophets make this clear in their prophecies throughout the text. All the premonitions they say come true. They can’t be avoided because the Gods made you with your personality and it controls your life. Ultimately they control you. When Oedipus reaches the crossroads, it was fate that led to the events that took place. â€Å"Short work, by god-with one blow of the staff† (Sophocles 189). This quote reveals that the gods did play apart in the events that took place. Oedipus’ prophecy was to kill his own father. Unwillingly because of his stubbornness Oedipus struck down and did indeed kill his father. Because the gods gave him this trait, his fate was unavoidable. The traits of Oedipus would generate the right sequence of events that would eventually lead to his prophecy coming true. Oedipus’ personality was the cause of the events. His free will blended in with the fate given to him by the gods. All together it was fate that decided these actions. The prophecy given to Lauis and Jocasta is also another example of unavoidable fate. Even though it wasn’t there own choices to get rid of their son, their reaction to the prophecy set up the events for the future. If they never sent Oedipus to die at the mountainside, he most likely never would have killed Lauis at the crossroads. Their reaction was to a message given to them by the Gods. The Gods dictated what was going to happen. They told the prophet to give out the prophecy. Leading to the vanquishing of little Oedipus. All along every action leads to ones fate in life. The greatest show of fate in the text is when Oedipus gauges his eyes out with the golden clips. He does this in reaction to the events that take place. Oedipus was aware that he alone was responsible for his actions and gauged his own eyes out. That is the free will standpoint on the issue. Oedipus was at the same time not responsible for his actions. The gods controlled his personality and therefore controlled the outcome of his life. If Oedipus realized this he might not have taken his own sight. The gods use their power to provoke human’s free will. They were responsible for the demise of Oedipus, but in the same time convince the human that it was there fault. Free will and fate can be related to every aspect of Oedipus the King. The gods who control fate manipulate the thinking and concepts in human’s free will. Ultimately fate is what overcomes all. It may not seem like it, but free will was given to mankind by the gods or God. So in turn the gods decide the fate of everybody when they created man. It was already decided and can not be changed. One can still argue the position that free will is more dominant, but if you relate to creation and how the gods made man, fate overcomes. In Oedipus the King, Sophocles made it clear to his fellow Greeks that mankind has the ability, even with prophecies and oracles, to make choices free from influence of divine forces. He also shows that fate does play a part in human’s lives too. They tie into each other for a direct balance. Overall, fate is the divine power that controls free will and determines one’s life.

Psychotherapy Approaches Within Treatment

Overwhelming events are abundantly overflowing in today’s society. Both positive and negative events affect society in numerous ways. Depending on the specific circumstances of an event, both personally and socially, a person’s emotions can alter from one emotion to another. Many people are able to manage his or her emotions with a support system which could include family and friends. Others may choose to seek a therapist or counselor outside of his or her support system. Psychotherapy supports an individual’s need or want of changes within his or her personal life.In order for a person to bring about the desired changes with a psychotherapist one of four types of primary approaches within therapy must be applied. The primary goal of psychotherapy is usually to alter changes within behavior by utilizing theories to support a person with overcoming problems or negative emotions. Over 400 different types of diverse theories can be utilized by a therapist. All of t he diverse theories are used to assist an individual with coping and understanding his or herself within the past, present, and future.The four primary approaches used within therapy are: psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic. The psychodynamic approach is generally used to assist individuals with defense methods to safe guard his or her self from emotions or behaviors that are impulsive and sometimes unconscious. The behavioral approach focuses more on actually altering a client’s behavior so that he or she can re-learn skills that the individual may have forgotten, but are necessary to function.Cognitive approaches within therapy assist clients to think in different ways by altering the individual’s personal dysfunctional cognitions that he or she may have. Humanistic therapy utilizes the philosophical view of the client’s own personal responsibilities. All therapists are skilled in different areas of training and use different methods, but one of the aforementioned primary approaches is almost always utilized (Feldman, 2009). Psychoanalysis is categorized under Freudian psychotherapy which is founded on the theory that every person has withdrawn or hidden feelings within his or her self.When using psychoanalysis, the primary goal is to find a way to discharge the withdrawn or unconscious thoughts so that a person can decrease the authority of the controlled behaviors inside of his or herself. The therapist works on helping the client become aware of his or her subconscious feelings which helps eliminate stress and anxiety. Sigmund Freud believed that an individual’s personality was made up of three different systems that he labeled the id, ego, and the superego. Each of the three systems has a different function, but do work together to preside over a person’s behavior.The id is described as the personality development within a newborn child and is unconscious. The ego and superego grow and develop from the id. The id embraces the biological impulses within a person which can include the need to eat, drink, sleep, and sexual pleasure. Regardless of external conditions, the id searches for instant gratification. During childhood the ego becomes present when the child learns that actual impulses are not always able to be met when wanted or needed. The ego accepts the reality of a situation within the conscious self.The superego symbolizes the ethics, values, and morals within a society and chooses whether an act is right or wrong. The superego can also be referred to as a person’s actual conscience. The superego grows and develops through consequences and awards learned through standards of the individual’s society (Feldman, 2009). Contemporary approaches used within psychodynamic therapy look for ways to reduce the unnecessary time consumed utilizing Freud’s theory which was created during the nineteenth century.According to Feldman contemporary therapists conclude therapy within three months or an average of twenty sessions based on an individual’s needs (2009). By utilizing the contemporary approach less time is spent on the client’s history and more time is spent focusing on relationships and current problems that he or she is going through. Substance abuse programs and psychoanalysis have recently begun to work together and have proven to be productive and effective. Regardless if the Freudian method or the psychotherapy method is administered, both have received praise and disapproval by critics.Some critics state that psychotherapy is too costly and time consuming and even doubt the theory all together. Regardless of the critics, numerous individuals have achieved the desired results from psychotherapy. Psychotherapy searches for solutions and answers for hard to cope with problems. Assessments are used to identify a client’s individual personality to ensure the best method is utilized. A client that has a personalit y that is non-social or lacking in communication would achieve higher results with either the behavioral or cognitive approach.Behavior therapy focuses on approaches that behaviors are learned and are problematic, but can be altered with reinforced behaviors. A client must learn new behaviors to replace the existing problematic behaviors. The classical conditioning therapy is used to give reinforcement for positive behaviors and critical feedback for negative behaviors. A client that is participating in classical conditioning therapy can have a strong emotional reaction to certain music or even fragrances. Classical conditioning therapy is also used when dealing with fears or phobias that are interfering with a person’s life.Aversive conditioning is a therapy that cuts back the occurrences of a specific negative behavior by implementing aversive and unwanted reactions with the behavior. An example could be that a therapist could relate a situation that is similar to another t hat would cause an adverse effect like showing someone that smokes pictures of the effects of lung cancer. Systematic desensitization slowly exposes a client to an anxiety induced state that combines a relaxing technique that reduces the anxiety. In some cases meditation is used to assist a client in calming him or herself down and finding a peaceful place within his or her mind.The operant technique is based upon the learning theory. An example of the learning theory is practicing something over and over. The learning theory is found within the educational system and has proved to be successful. Rewards are implemented for positive behaviors. For example in elementary schools children may be given a sticker for achieving a goal, while the children that did not meet the goal would not receive a sticker. Dialectical behavior therapy is founded on the principles of both classical and operant conditioning theories.A client in dialectical behavior therapy is made to accept the way that he or she is regardless if the person is considered acceptable or not. Patients are given two choices which are to work on changing him or herself or remaining how he or she is. Dialectical behavior assists individuals in achieving a more effective behavior while learning to keep his or her emotions under control. Behavior therapy is appropriate when trying to eliminate fears, phobias, anxiety disorders, and impulsiveness. Studies have shown that behavior therapy has significantly made changes at neuroscientific levels.With the help of neuroscience and genomics, improved approaches have been made in the treatment of mental illnesses such as the developmental brain disorder, schizophrenia (Insel, 2010). Cognitive treatment is used to teach individuals a more adaptive way of thinking and behaving. The therapist tries to alter dysfunctional thought by implementing and suggesting different approaches. Cognitive behavioral approach seeks to alter patterns by changing the way a person thi nk. The therapist teaches the client different approaches to different situations and continues participating in therapy (Feldman, 2009).Cognitive treatment includes the rational-emotive behavior approach which tries to reconstruct a client’s thought process into thoughts that are more rational, logical, and reasonable. Being successful in life starts in a person’s thought process and some believe that he or she is unworthy. By implementing the rational-emotive approach a therapists attempts to change what a person considers illogical into logical. A person can often times change his or her way of thinking by focusing on the dysfunctional thoughts and paying more attention on the logical thoughts.Humanistic theories concentrate on teaching a client how to control his or her behavior. This approach shows that a person can control his or her behavior, solve average daily dilemmas, and make wise choices by his or her self. Humanistic therapy is implemented because psychol ogical disorders can become evident when a person feels alone and does not have a high value of life. In this type of therapy the patient is more responsible for leading the therapy while the therapist assists. Additional segments of humanistic therapy are client centered, interpersonal, and group therapy.Therapists are challenged during the evaluation and process of diagnosing and establishing a treatment plan. Psychiatric diagnoses are usually categorized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders also referred to as the DSM-IV. The DSM-IV includes all mental health disorders for both children and adults. Psychiatrists and physicians are able to evaluate an individual’s level of functioning through the use of multiaxial approach. Clinical syndromes are located in Axis I and are arranged into categories like adjustment, anxiety, and pervasive development disorders.Personality and Mental Retardation is located in Axis II and breaks down the long term effects that are no categorized under the Axis I disorders. Mental retardation is a mental impairment that affects a person’s intellectual areas and interferes with a person’s ability to care for him or herself. Axis III includes medical conditions. Axis IV includes psychosocial and environmental problems that a person may have. Axis V is the global assessment of functioning which allows a physician to comprehend the previous axes and can provide information on the possible effects.Because of the increasing number of disorders that are displayed in patients today, the DSM-IV is a tool to help establish an individual treatment plan. As with any other tool, there are both advantages and disadvantages while using this system. People tend to display different symptoms and could possibly be misdiagnosed which would lead to the inappropriate treatment plan. Life events are considered to be a start for stress that could lead to other psychological problems. Some people simply cannot handle emotions, whether positive or negative. Events can be traumatizing for some that would be normal for others.Therapists work with these individuals to teach a client how to cope with stressful situations. Stress can lead to depression if not dealt with properly. Psychotherapy is one of the most preferred and implemented forms of treatment used to deal with mild to moderate emotional and mental disorders. Talking with a therapist enables a person to reflect on him or herself and examine issues in depth. Establishing a relationship with a client may be difficult at first. Some people relate better to some than others, but it is important to find a good match so that the client will feel comfortable and open up honestly.In some cases a person may need to meet with numerous therapists until a comfortable match is found. The primary goal of psychotherapy is to help an individual manage his or her life and find methods to treat and overcome personal difficulties. There are numerous types of disorders that require one or more types of the four primary approaches used within therapy. Some people are able to establish a support system within friends, family, and others in his or her life. Those that do not have a support system should seek a therapist to overcome undesirable feelings and emotions.